NORBY
04-03-2005, 09:33 AM
NOS
Nos or Nitrous Oxide works buy injecting N20 (nitrous Oxide) into the engine, when nitrous oxide is heated it splits into nitrogen and oxygen, therefore making more oxygen in the engine during combustion
When the combustion has occurred its residue is very cold, this cold air make it possible for denser air (cooler air is denser than warmer air) this causes even more air inside the cylinder. The more air in the cylinder during combustion allows more fuel into the cylinder also, this increase the amount of horsepower in the engine, in turn making the car faster.
Turbo
Turbo’s work by forcing more air into the cylinder during combustion, having more air into the cylinder allows more petrol into the engine making the car go faster. Turbo’s have a turbine; the exhaust air spins the turbine. The air in a turbo is very hot because the air in the exhaust is hot from the explosion in the cylinder. The extra power that is in a turbo charger is called boost, the higher the boost the more power is created. The average boost level is around 8 psi (pounds per square inch). Having a turbo increases the amount of backpressure that is in the exhaust, this make it harder for the engine to push air out of the cylinders. This is the main reason why people with turbo engines have a larger exhaust (larger exhaust = less restrictions)
One of the downsides of turbo chargers is that they push more air into the engine, this is fine but it makes the car run ‘lean’, running lean is when there is too much air in the cylinder during combustion and not enough petrol, usually to stop this the ECU is reprogrammed or larger fuel injectors are used, usually both.
Another issue with turbo’s is turbo lag, when a car is stationary it doesn’t have much air running through it, it takes time from when the foot is pushed into the peddle for the turbo to gain enough speed to make boost, this makes it so the car accelerates poorly for a while and then when the boost comes on the car lunges forward and goes fast J.
Smaller turbo’s are not as good for top end speed because they cannot cope with large air amounts, larger turbo’s suffer from severe turbo lag because the turbine is heavier and takes more effort to turn.
Generally cars with turbochargers use an intercooler, the intercooler works by the cool air being rammed into the front of the intercooler, which is usually located behind the front bumper. This cool air is then forced into the engine, as cooler air is denser than warm air it enables more air and fuel to be in the cylinder during combustion, therefore making more horsies.
Camshaft
The main difference between standard and performance camshafts (cams) are the lobes, these lobes open and close the valves and the correct time, the exhaust valves and the intake valves are opened by the lobes, if these valves are not opened then obviously no air would go in and no air would go out.
Camshafts are only fully effective at one RPM, for example if the cams main performance level was 4000 RPM it wouldn’t be as effective at 6000 RPM as the valves would be opening at slightly incorrect times. There are a few types of cam configurations the main ones are
· SOHC (single overhead cam)
· DOHC (Double overhead cam)
· Pushrod
In a SOHC configuration the cam’s lobe pushes up the rockers which allows the exhaust air to be forced out and intake air to be pushed in. In an inline configuration there is one cam, in a V-8 or V-6 configuration there is one cam on each end of the v (on each head).
In DOHC and SOHC configurations the cams are driven by a crankshaft this crankshaft is turned by the timing belt or timing chain, if these chains break the pistons can hit an open valve, most likely killing the piston.
DOHC cams are two cams per head so an inline engine has 2 cams and a V-6 or V-8 has 4 cams. DOHC is used when there is more than 4 valves per cylinder. More valves are used to allow the intake and exhaust to flow more freely. a
Nos or Nitrous Oxide works buy injecting N20 (nitrous Oxide) into the engine, when nitrous oxide is heated it splits into nitrogen and oxygen, therefore making more oxygen in the engine during combustion
When the combustion has occurred its residue is very cold, this cold air make it possible for denser air (cooler air is denser than warmer air) this causes even more air inside the cylinder. The more air in the cylinder during combustion allows more fuel into the cylinder also, this increase the amount of horsepower in the engine, in turn making the car faster.
Turbo
Turbo’s work by forcing more air into the cylinder during combustion, having more air into the cylinder allows more petrol into the engine making the car go faster. Turbo’s have a turbine; the exhaust air spins the turbine. The air in a turbo is very hot because the air in the exhaust is hot from the explosion in the cylinder. The extra power that is in a turbo charger is called boost, the higher the boost the more power is created. The average boost level is around 8 psi (pounds per square inch). Having a turbo increases the amount of backpressure that is in the exhaust, this make it harder for the engine to push air out of the cylinders. This is the main reason why people with turbo engines have a larger exhaust (larger exhaust = less restrictions)
One of the downsides of turbo chargers is that they push more air into the engine, this is fine but it makes the car run ‘lean’, running lean is when there is too much air in the cylinder during combustion and not enough petrol, usually to stop this the ECU is reprogrammed or larger fuel injectors are used, usually both.
Another issue with turbo’s is turbo lag, when a car is stationary it doesn’t have much air running through it, it takes time from when the foot is pushed into the peddle for the turbo to gain enough speed to make boost, this makes it so the car accelerates poorly for a while and then when the boost comes on the car lunges forward and goes fast J.
Smaller turbo’s are not as good for top end speed because they cannot cope with large air amounts, larger turbo’s suffer from severe turbo lag because the turbine is heavier and takes more effort to turn.
Generally cars with turbochargers use an intercooler, the intercooler works by the cool air being rammed into the front of the intercooler, which is usually located behind the front bumper. This cool air is then forced into the engine, as cooler air is denser than warm air it enables more air and fuel to be in the cylinder during combustion, therefore making more horsies.
Camshaft
The main difference between standard and performance camshafts (cams) are the lobes, these lobes open and close the valves and the correct time, the exhaust valves and the intake valves are opened by the lobes, if these valves are not opened then obviously no air would go in and no air would go out.
Camshafts are only fully effective at one RPM, for example if the cams main performance level was 4000 RPM it wouldn’t be as effective at 6000 RPM as the valves would be opening at slightly incorrect times. There are a few types of cam configurations the main ones are
· SOHC (single overhead cam)
· DOHC (Double overhead cam)
· Pushrod
In a SOHC configuration the cam’s lobe pushes up the rockers which allows the exhaust air to be forced out and intake air to be pushed in. In an inline configuration there is one cam, in a V-8 or V-6 configuration there is one cam on each end of the v (on each head).
In DOHC and SOHC configurations the cams are driven by a crankshaft this crankshaft is turned by the timing belt or timing chain, if these chains break the pistons can hit an open valve, most likely killing the piston.
DOHC cams are two cams per head so an inline engine has 2 cams and a V-6 or V-8 has 4 cams. DOHC is used when there is more than 4 valves per cylinder. More valves are used to allow the intake and exhaust to flow more freely. a