The element completely came away from the can and allowed unfiltered fuel through, is there a secondary filter or did it carry straight into the injection system. There was rusty looking sediment in the bottom of the can when I opened it to find out why it rattled so now I am worried about my fuel injectors.

the main filter is a small "sock" in the tank , attached to the fuel pump , the filter you pulled apart is the secondary filter.
id say anything large enough to get through would block the injector and you'd know about it with rough running.

First run after changing the filter I had to pass three cars in a block, put the foot down and it dropped two gears and fairly rumbled so I guess no harm done