Landscaping Jefferson County

Landscaping Jefferson County

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Understanding Jefferson Countys Climate and Soil



Okay, I need to write a short essay about understanding Jefferson Countys climate and soil for landscaping. The user wants it to sound human-like with some grammatical errors, parentheses, an exclamation mark, use contractions, interjections, avoid repetition, and not use any markup. Let me start by outlining the key points.

First, I should mention the climate. Jefferson County probably has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and cold winters. I need to include that, maybe note the rainfall patterns. Then soils-maybe theres a mix of clay and loam. I should talk about how these factors affect landscaping choices.

I need to make sure to add some errors. Maybe use some incorrect prepositions or subject-verb agreement. Also, contractions like dont and its. Parentheses can be used to add extra info, like (especially in spring). An exclamation mark could go after a surprising fact, like the sudden frost. Interjections like Oh, or Well, to make it conversational.

Avoid repetition by using synonyms. Instead of saying climate multiple times, maybe use weather or seasons. Check for any repeated words. Best Landscaper Denver Colorado. Also, ensure the essay flows naturally, not too formal. Maybe start with a general statement, then break into climate and soil sections, then conclude with tips.

Let me draft a first sentence: If you're trying to landscape in Jefferson County, you've gotta know the ropes! That includes a contraction and an exclamation. Next, talk about the climate. Maybe mention the hot summers and cold snaps. Use a parenthetical like (especially in spring).

For soil, mention the clay and loam mix, drainage issues. Use a contraction like you'll find. Add a negation: but it's not all bad news. Maybe a phrase like Oh, and don't forget the critters! as an interjection.

Check for grammatical errors. Maybe mix up some words, like you'll need to be careful with clay-heavy areas, which can hold water too long (trust me, it's a pain). That has a grammatical error in the parenthetical? Or maybe which are tricky to work with, but it's not all bad news. Maybe a comma splice.

Ensure that the essay isnt too technical. Use phrases like truth is and here's the deal. Avoid repetition by varying the sentence structure. End with a conclusion that ties it all together, maybe a warning about ignoring these factors. Add a final exclamation: So, take these tips to heart, and your yard'll thrive!

Let me put it all together, making sure to include all the elements. Check for contractions, errors, parentheses, exclamation, negation, and no repetition. Read through to ensure it sounds natural and has the required elements without markdown.

If you're trying to landscape in Jefferson County, you've gotta know the ropes! The climate here's a bit of a mixed bag-hot, humid summers (hello, sweat!) and chilly, unpredictable winters that'll knock you off your feet. Oh, and don't get me started on those sudden frosts in April; they'll kill your tender plants if you're not careful. You'd think the soil's a dream, right? Well, it's not all gold. Most areas have heavy clay, which is great for retaining moisture but terrible for drainage. Trust me, I've learned the hard way-my first garden turned into a swamp after a summer downpour.


Now, if you're set on planting, go for native species-they're your best bet. Drought-resistant plants like switchgrass or black-eyed Susans will thank you, while thirsty types like hydrangeas? Not so much. And forget about that fancy topsoil you saw at the nursery; it's not doing much if your ground's compacted. You'll need to amend it with compost or sand, but don't overdo it-Mother Nature's got her own rules here.


Soil pH is another curveball. It's usually on the acidic side, which is perfect for azaleas but not so great for lilacs. Got it? Oh, and if you're planning a veggie patch, test that soil before you dig. You'd be surprised how many folks here end up with sad, yellow tomatoes. Yeah, I've been there.


In short, Jefferson County's a bit of a juggling act. You've gotta respect the climate's wild swings and the soil's quirks. But once you get the hang of it, your yard'll be the talk of the block. Just don't blame me if your neighbor's lawn envy turns into a full-blown rivalry!

Popular Landscaping Styles in Jefferson County



Okay, the user wants me to write a short essay on popular landscaping styles in Jefferson County. Let me start by thinking about whats common there. Maybe they have a mix of traditional and modern styles. I should check if there are any specific plants or trends unique to that area.

They mentioned making it sound human-like with some grammatical errors. Hmm, I need to avoid being too formal. Maybe use contractions like dont instead of do not. Also, add some parentheses for asides. Oh, and an exclamation mark somewhere to make it lively.

Wait, the user wants to avoid repetition. Let me brainstorm different styles: maybe cottage gardens, xeriscaping because of water issues? Maybe modern minimalism? I should mention each with a bit of detail. Also, use negation, so phrases like you wont find or arent limited to.

Need to make sure the essay flows naturally. Start with an intro, then a few paragraphs each on a different style. Throw in some interjections like Oh, or Well, to sound conversational. Let me make sure not to use any HTML or markdown. Also, check for overused words and replace them with synonyms.

Wait, the user said to add grammatical errors. Should I make some minor mistakes like missing commas or subject-verb agreement? But not too many, or it might look forced. Maybe a misplaced modifier here and there. Let me read through a sample to see how it sounds.

Also, include a parenthetical comment, like (you know, the ones with all the wildflowers). That should work. Maybe mention a specific example in Jefferson County. Oh, and end with an exclamation mark in a sentence to add some enthusiasm. Alright, time to put it all together, keeping it short and natural-sounding.

Well, if you're strolling through Jefferson County, you'll notice folks love their yards, but not all styles are created equal. For starters, the cottage garden vibe is huge-think wildflowers, tangled vines, and oh that “messy on purpose” look. (You know, the kind where daisies fight for space with lavender, and no one cares if the hydrangeas are actually in bloom.) On the flip side, modern minimalism is creeping in, with clean lines, gravel beds, and plants that don't scream for attention. Not everyone's a fan, though; some folks still cringe at the thought of a yard that's basically a zen garden in disguise!


Then there's the xeriscape trend, which makes sense given the occasional droughts. Succulents, rocks, and cacti? Yep, it's practical, but let's be real-some neighbors try too hard, and their yards look like a desert rejected by a sci-fi movie. Oh, and don't get me started on the “English manor” crowd. They plant boxwoods until they're blue in the face, but honestly, how many topiaries does one street need? (I'm still waiting for someone to carve a hedge into a flamingo, though.)


Lastly, the mixed-use approach is gaining steam-think native plants for the birds, a veggie patch for the grill, and maybe a fire pit for the “I'm too cool for a porch swing” crowd. Just don't forget the mulch; your neighbors will judge if you skip that. So, whether you're into structured elegance or wild chaos, Jefferson County's got a look for you-as long as you avoid that one guy who mows his lawn into a giant chessboard. Yikes!

Native Plants for Jefferson County Landscapes



Okay, the user wants me to write a short essay on Native Plants for Jefferson County Landscapes. The topic is Landscaping Jefferson County. Let me start by understanding the requirements.

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They want it to sound human-like, so I need to avoid being too formal. Add some grammatical errors, but not too many, maybe a few minor ones. Use contractions like dont instead of do not. They also want parentheses, an exclamation mark, and some negation. Avoid repetition and use interjections.

First, I should brainstorm key points about native plants in Jefferson County. Benefits like low maintenance, supporting local wildlife, water conservation. Maybe mention specific plants, like Eastern Redbud or Black-Eyed Susan. Need to make it sound natural, maybe start with a personal touch. Oh, the user mentioned I in the example, so maybe use a first-person perspective.

Let me think about structure. Start with an engaging opening, then discuss benefits, mention specific examples, address potential concerns (like aesthetics), and conclude with a call to action. Make sure to include a few contractions and interjections like Oh!

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or Well,. Check for grammatical errors-maybe a missing comma or a misplaced modifier. Also, use parentheses to add extra info without overdoing it. Need to avoid repetition of words like plants or landscaping. Use synonyms like greenery, gardens, etc.

Wait, the user said to avoid repetition, so vary the vocabulary. Maybe use flora once. Also, include a negation, like they don't require or aren't just. Add an exclamation mark in a place that shows enthusiasm, like when talking about benefits. Let me outline:

1. Introduction: Personal experience or a general statement about native plants in Jefferson County.
2. Benefits: Low maintenance, wildlife support, water efficiency.
3. Examples of native plants and their uses.
4. Addressing a common misconception (they aren't less beautiful).
5. Call to action with an exclamation mark.
6. Conclusion with an interjection and encouragement.

Check for contractions: they're, it's, don't. Use some parentheses for extra info, like (like the Eastern Redbud). Avoid markdown, just plain text. Make sure the essay flows naturally, with some informal language. Let me draft a sample paragraph.

Wait, need to ensure the grammatical errors are subtle. Maybe a missing article or a subject-verb agreement issue. For example, Native plants don't require as much water or store-bought fertilizers – maybe fertilizers instead of fertilizer. Thats a minor error. Also, a comma splice somewhere. Let me read the example the assistant provided earlier to see their style. They used Oh! and Well, and had a few run-on sentences. Alright, I think I have a plan. Let me put it all together now.

Well, if you're thinking about landscaping in Jefferson County, native plants should be your go-to choice! I mean, why fuss with fancy imports when the local flora thrives here naturally? (Plus, let's face it, they don't demand as much pampering.) Sure, some folks assume native plants look boring, but that's just not true-imagine the Eastern Redbud with its pink blossoms or the Black-Eyed Susan blazing in the garden! These plants aren't just resilient; they're basically low-maintenance superheroes, right? They don't require buckets of water or truckloads of fertilizer, which means you'll save cash and avoid runoff issues. Oh, and they're a magnet for butterflies and birds, adding life to your yard. Don't get me wrong, non-native species have their charm, but they can't compete with the effortless beauty of what grows here. So, next time you're eyeing a catalog, think twice-your landscape, and the local ecosystem, will thank you!

Dealing with Common Landscaping Challenges


Landscaping Jefferson County: Tackling Those Pesky Problems


Okay, so youre thinkin bout makin your Jefferson County yard look, well, amazing! But lets be real, it aint always sunshine and roses, is it? Weve all been there, staring at that weirdly sloped area (seriously, what is that about?) or battling the never-ending onslaught of weeds that seem to laugh in the face of weed killer. Landscaping, especially in a diverse place like Jefferson County, presents its share of unique challenges, yknow?


One biggie is the soil. It isnt always the rich, dark stuff you see in gardening magazines. Sometimes, its mostly clay, which drains poorly and compacts easily. Ugh! That means plants cant get the nutrients they need, and their roots struggle. You cant just ignore it; you gotta amend that soil! Think compost, aged manure, maybe even some sand to improve drainage. Its work, I know, but your plantsll thank you.


Then theres the weather. We get hot summers and, occasionally, some pretty harsh winters! This means choosing plants that can handle both extremes. Dont even think about planting something delicate that needs constant coddling; it just aint practical here. Go for native species or varieties known for their hardiness. Theyre more likely to survive and thrive without a ton of fuss.


Water management is another concern. Jefferson County can experience periods of drought, so efficient watering practices are vital. Consider installing a rain barrel to collect rainwater (it's great for your plants and saves you money!). Also, think about xeriscaping, which utilizes drought-tolerant plants and landscaping techniques to minimize water consumption. It doesn't have to be all cacti and rocks, I promise!


And lets not forget about pests and diseases! Deer are a constant threat (oh, the horror!), and various insects and fungal issues can wreak havoc on your plants. Regular monitoring and preventative measures are key. Consider deer-resistant plants (there are some actually pretty ones!) and organic pest control methods whenever possible.


Look, landscaping in Jefferson County isnt without its hurdles, but its totally doable! By understanding the local conditions, addressing common challenges, and choosing the right plants, you can create a beautiful and sustainable landscape that youll enjoy for years to come. So, get out there and get your hands dirty!. Good luck with that slope!

Sustainable Landscaping Practices


Okay, so lets talk landscaping in Jefferson County, and how we can do it better, more sustainably! It aint rocket science, folks. Were talking about Sustainable Landscaping Practices (a mouthful, I know!).


Basically, its all about working with nature, not against it. We shouldnt be dousing everything in chemicals that harm our precious little pollinators, or wasting water like its going out of style. No way!


Think about it: using native plants is a great idea. Theyre already adapted to our climate (Jefferson County weather can be wild, right?), so they need less watering and fertilizer. Plus (and this is important!), they provide food and shelter for local wildlife. Its a win-win!


We can also reduce our water consumption by using efficient irrigation systems, like drip irrigation. And mulching! Mulching not only keeps weeds down, but it also helps retain moisture in the soil. Smart, huh?


And what about those grass clippings and leaves? Dont throw them away! Compost them! Its like turning trash into treasure (sort of). Compost is amazing fertilizer, and its totally free!


Furthermore, we mustnt forget about reducing our reliance on gas-powered equipment. Electric lawnmowers and leaf blowers are getting better and better, and theyre way quieter and cleaner.

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Think of the birds!


Its not about having a perfect, manicured lawn that looks like a golf course, its about creating a healthy, functional, and beautiful outdoor space. So, yeah, lets embrace sustainable landscaping practices in Jefferson County. Its good for the environment, good for our wallets, and good for our community! Its a no-brainer, isnt it!

Finding Local Landscaping Professionals



Okay, so the user wants me to write a short essay about finding local landscaping professionals in Jefferson County. Let me start by understanding the requirements. They want it to sound human-like, which means I should avoid formal language and make it conversational. They also mentioned adding grammatical errors, so I need to be careful not to make it too perfect. Parentheses, an exclamation mark, contractions, and interjections are needed. Also, avoid repetition and use negation.

First, I should brainstorm some points. Maybe start by talking about the importance of good landscaping. Then mention the challenges of finding the right professionals. Maybe include tips like checking online directories, asking neighbors, and reading reviews. Also, highlight the need to avoid cheap options that might not deliver. Use contractions like dont and cant. Add some parenthetical thoughts, like (trust me, I've been there!). Maybe throw in an interjection like Oh, or Well, to make it more natural.

Wait, the user said to avoid repetition. I need to vary my vocabulary. Instead of saying landscaping professionals every time, maybe use terms like gardeners, yard experts, or landscape crews. Also, use negation: dont just go for the cheapest bid, not all services are created equal.

Let me check if I need to include specific things about Jefferson County. Maybe mention local directories or specific areas within the county. But since I dont have specific info, keep it general but mention the county name a few times.

Add a grammatical error here and there. Maybe a missing comma, or a subject-verb agreement issue. For example, There's a lot to consider when you're trying to find someone who can turn your yard into a paradise. Wait, There's a lot is correct. Maybe Theres a lot of options, but not all are reliable. Hmm, maybe Theres a lot of options, but they're not all reliable. That works.

Include an exclamation mark in a sentence like Oh, and don't forget to ask about warranties or guarantees! That adds the required exclamation.

Contractions: You'll, they're, it's, don't, can't, you're. Use those throughout.

Interjections: Oh, Well, Hey, maybe Wait, but need to keep it natural. Maybe Oh, and don't forget... or Well, where do you start?

Now structure the essay. Start with an introduction about the challenge. Then tips: online directories, referrals, checking reviews, avoiding cheap bids, checking licenses and insurance. Maybe a conclusion about taking time and not rushing.

Check for repetition. Make sure each paragraph has a different point. Use parentheses for extra info, like (trust me, I've been there!) or (you know, the ones who just throw down some mulch and call it a day).

Let me draft a sample sentence: Finding the right landscaping pro in Jefferson County can feel overwhelming, especially with so many options out there. You don't want to end up with a yard that looks like a jungle (or a barren wasteland, let's be honest) just because you rushed the decision. That uses a contraction, negation, parentheses, and a bit of casual language.

Another part: Oh, and don't forget to ask about warranties or guarantees! Trust me, if something goes wrong, you'll want someone who stands behind their work (instead of vanishing like a ghost in the morning mist).

Make sure to add a few grammatical errors. Maybe a dangling modifier or a comma splice. For example, Check reviews online, but don't just take them at face value (some folks can't take a compliment, you know).

Avoid repetition by varying the advice. Instead of saying check reviews and then read reviews, maybe say scan testimonials or look at feedback.

Finally, wrap it up with a conclusion that encourages taking time and maybe a friendly warning against rushing. So take your time, do your homework, and don't settle for less than what your yard deserves. After all, it's not just grass and dirt-it's your outdoor living space!

I think that covers all the requirements. Now, let me put it all together in a coherent essay with the elements specified.

Finding the right landscaping pro in Jefferson County can feel overwhelming, especially with so many options out there. You don't want to end up with a yard that looks like a jungle (or a barren wasteland, let's be honest) just because you rushed the decision. First off, check online directories. Yeah, yeah, I know-it's easy to scroll forever, but look for folks with solid reviews. Oh, and don't skip the “about” section; sometimes that's where you'll find if they actually care about your plants (or if they just mow and run).


Word of mouth is still gold, by the way. Ask neighbors or friends who've had good luck. But don't take every recommendation seriously-trust me, some folks can't take a compliment and might vouch for their cousin's side hustle just because they're polite. Also, scan testimonials on their websites. If they're all copy-paste, that's a red flag (you know, the kind that's way too generic).


And no, you shouldn't go for the cheapest bid. I get it, budgets matter, but if someone's charging way less than everyone else, they're probably cutting corners (or hiding extra fees). Double-check licenses and insurance. Yeah, it's a hassle, but you don't want to be stuck with a mess and no way to get it fixed.


Oh, and don't forget to ask about warranties or guarantees! Trust me, if something goes wrong, you'll want someone who stands behind their work (instead of vanishing like a ghost in the morning mist). So take your time, do your homework, and don't settle for less than what your yard deserves. After all, it's not just grass and dirt-it's your outdoor living space!

Aurora is located in Colorado
Aurora
Aurora
Aurora (Colorado)
Aurora
Home rule city[1]
The Southlands shopping mall in Aurora
The Southlands shopping mall in Aurora
Flag of Aurora
Flag
Official seal of Aurora
Seal
Nicknames: 
The Gateway to the Rockies
The Sunrise of Colorado
Location of Aurora in Arapahoe (central), Adams (north), and Douglas (south) counties, Colorado
Location of Aurora in Arapahoe (central), Adams (north), and Douglas (south) counties, Colorado
Aurora is located in the United States
Aurora
Aurora
Location of the City of Aurora, Colorado.

Coordinates: 39°43′46″N 104°49′55″W / 39.7294°N 104.8319°W / 39.7294; -104.8319 (City of Aurora, Colorado)[3]CountryUnited StatesStateColoradoCountiesArapahoe, Adams, and Douglas[2]Platted1891 as Fletcher, ColoradoIncorporated (town)May 5, 1903, as the Town of Fletcher[4]Incorporated (city)March 9, 1928 as the City of Aurora[5]Government

 

 • Typehome rule city[1] • MayorMike Coffman (R) • City managerJason BatchelorArea

[6]
 • Total

163.588 sq mi (423.691 km2) • Land163.009 sq mi (422.191 km2) • Water0.579 sq mi (1.500 km2) • Rank2nd in Colorado
54th in the United StatesElevation

[3]

5,558 ft (1,694 m)Population

 (2020)[7]
 • Total

404,219

 • Estimate 
(2024)[8]

403,130 • Rank3rd in Colorado
51st in the United States • Density2,412/sq mi (931/km2)DemonymsAuroranTime zoneUTC−07:00 (MST) • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)ZIP Codes

80010-80019, 80040-80047 (all but 80045 PO Boxes), 80247[9]

Area codes303/720/983GNIS place ID204737GNIS city ID2409757FIPS code0804000-2WebsiteCity of Aurora

Aurora (/əˈroÊŠrÉ™/, /əˈrɔːrÉ™/) is a home rule city located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States.[1] The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States census with 336,035 living in Arapahoe County, 47,720 in Adams County, and 2,506 in Douglas County.[7] Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 51st-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area, and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

History

[edit]
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Aurora, Colorado.

Before European settlement, the land that now makes up Aurora was the territory of the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Núu-agha-tʉvʉ-pʉ̱ (Ute), and Očeti ŠakówiÅ‹ (Sioux) tribes.[10] These lands were claimed by France in 1682 and subsequently became part of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase.[11]

Aurora originated in the 1890 as the town of Fletcher, taking its name from Denver businessman Donald Fletcher who saw it as a real estate opportunity. He and his partners staked out four square miles (10 km2) east of Denver, but the town—and Colorado—struggled mightily after the Silver Crash of 1893. The Town of Fletcher was incorporated on May 5, 1903.[4] Fletcher skipped town, leaving the community with a huge water debt. Voters decided to rename Fletcher the Town of Aurora in 1907 after one of the subdivisions composing the town. The Aurora post office opened on January 15, 1908.[12]

By February 1928, the town of Aurora had reached a population of over 2,000 and it was reincorporated as a city on March 9.[13][14][5] Aurora slowly began to grow in Denver's shadow becoming the fastest-growing city in the United States during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Aurora, composed of hundreds of subdivisions, thus carries the name of one of the original development plats from which it sprang.

Aurora's growing population in recent decades has led to efforts for co-equal recognition with its larger neighbor.[citation needed] Former mayor Dennis Champine once expressed the somewhat whimsical notion that eventually the area would be called the "Aurora/Denver Metropolitan Area". Indeed, since the 2000 Census Aurora has surpassed Denver in land area, and much of Aurora is undeveloped, while Denver is more fully built-out. However, such efforts are somewhat hampered by the lack of a large, historically important central business district in the city. Aurora is largely suburban in character, as evidenced by the city's modest number of multi-story buildings.

1973 aerial view of Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Aurora, before closure

A large military presence has existed in Aurora since the early 20th century. In 1918, Army General Hospital #21 (later renamed Fitzsimons Army Hospital) opened, with the U.S. government expanding and upgrading the hospital facilities in 1941 just in time to care for the wounded servicemen of World War II. Lowry Air Force Base was opened in 1938, straddling the border of Aurora and Denver. It eventually closed in 1994, and has been redeveloped into a master-planned community featuring residential, commercial, business and educational facilities. In 1942, the Army Air Corps built Buckley Field, which has been renamed Naval Air Station, Buckley Air National Guard Base, Buckley Air Force Base, and finally Buckley Space Force Base. The base, home of the Buckley Garrison and the 140th Wing Colorado Air National Guard, is Aurora's largest employer.

President Warren G. Harding visited Fitzsimons Army Hospital in 1923, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt visited in 1936.[15] In 1943, the hospital was the birthplace of 2004 Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry. President Dwight D. Eisenhower recovered from a heart attack at Fitzsimons for seven weeks during the fall of 1955. Decommissioned in 1999, the facility is part of the Anschutz Medical Campus of the University of Colorado Denver, and the Fitzsimons Life Science District. The Anschutz Medical Campus also includes the University of Colorado Hospital, which moved to Aurora from Denver in 2007, and the Children's Hospital. The first carbon-ion radiotherapy research and treatment facility in the U.S. has been proposed at the site.[16] These facilities will employ a workforce of 32,000 at build-out.

In 1965, mayor Norma O. Walker became the first woman to head a U.S. city with a population over 60,000.

In 1978, the cult coming-of-age film Over the Edge was filmed in Aurora; the crime drama has been named the "signature film" of Denver.[17]

In 1979, it was announced that a science fiction theme park would be built in Aurora using the sets of a $50 million film based on the fantasy novel Lord of Light. However, due to legal problems the project was never completed. The script of the unmade film project, renamed Argo, was used as cover for the "Canadian Caper": the exfiltration of six U.S. diplomatic staff trapped by the Iranian hostage crisis.

In 1993, Cherry Creek State Park on the southwestern edge of Aurora was the location for the papal mass of the 8th World Youth Day with Pope John Paul II, attended by an estimated 500,000 people.[18]

Aurora is split among three counties and lies distant from the respective county seats. A consolidated city and county government such as those found elsewhere in Colorado (Denver and Broomfield) was considered in the mid-1990s but failed to win approval by city voters; the issue was reconsidered in 2006.[19]

Aurora Sports Park opened in 2003. In 2004, Aurora was honored as the Sports Illustrated magazine's 50th-anniversary "Sportstown" for Colorado because of its exemplary involvement in facilitating and enhancing sports. The city attracts more than 30 regional and national sports tournaments annually to Aurora's fields. Aurora's active populace is also reflected in the variety of professional athletes hailing from the city. Aurora's first semi-professional sports franchise, the Aurora Cavalry in the International Basketball League, began play in 2006 but folded by season's end due to budget mishaps.[citation needed]

In 2008, Aurora was designated an All-America City by the National Civic League.[20]

Aurora pioneered the use of bank filtration in the United States, becoming one of the first U.S. cities to reap the benefits of siphoning water from beneath a riverbed upon completion of the Prairie Waters Project in 2010.[21][22]

In 2017, the Republic of El Salvador opened a consulate in Aurora, serving Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming.[23] In 2024, the Republic of Honduras opened the city's second diplomatic post.[24]

Aurora theater shooting

[edit]
Main article: 2012 Aurora theater shooting

On July 20, 2012, Aurora was the site of the deadliest shooting by a lone shooter in Colorado (and the state's overall second deadliest, after the 1999 Columbine High School massacre).[25] The shooting occurred just after midnight, when James Holmes opened fire during the midnight premiere of The Dark Knight Rises in a Century movie theater, killing 12 people and injuring 70 others.[26] Holmes was arrested and was eventually sentenced to 12 life sentences in prison with an additional required 3,318 years. The shooting drew an international response from world leaders. U.S. President Barack Obama visited victims, as well as local and state officials, and addressed the nation in a televised address from Aurora on July 22. Actor Christian Bale, who plays Batman in the film, also visited some victims in hospitals. The events marked a turning point in recognition and public perception of the city; rather than referring to the site as being in "Denver" or "suburban Denver", as would have been typical before the event, virtually all media accounts of the incident unequivocally named "Aurora" as its location.[27]

Elijah McClain

[edit]
Main article: Killing of Elijah McClain

On August 30, 2019, Elijah McClain died six days after an unprovoked detention by two Aurora police officers.[28] On June 27, 2020, Aurora Police in riot gear dispersed thousands of protestors at a violin concert held in his honor.[29] On October 12, 2023, one of the officers involved in McClain's death was found guilty on charges of assault and negligent homicide, while another officer was acquitted on all charges against him, which included assault and reckless manslaughter.[30]

2024 U.S. Presidential Election

[edit]

Aurora received national media attention during the run-up to the 2024 U.S. presidential election. In September 2024, statements made by mayor Mike Coffman and city council member Danielle Jurinsky, both Republicans, claimed that the Venezuelan Tren de Aragua gang had taken control of an Aurora apartment complex and was extorting residents for their rent money. Jurinsky appeared on Fox News alleging "a huge cover-up" and that this "isn't just an Aurora issue." Presidential candidate Donald Trump repeated the claims during his September 10 debate with Kamala Harris, and subsequently scheduled a campaign rally in Aurora.[31][32][33][34] Mayor Coffman denied the city was overrun by Venezuelan gangs.[35] At the October 11 rally at Aurora's Gaylord Rockies Resort & Convention Center, Trump intensified his remarks regarding undocumented immigration and proposed an "Operation Aurora" to remove undocumented immigrants connected to gangs.[36] At a press conference held the same day at Aurora's Stanley Marketplace to denounce Trump's rally, Colorado Governor Jared Polis said, "We welcome the eyes of the nation on a true Colorado gem, the great city of Aurora."[37][38]

Following Trump's inauguration, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement conducted raids targeting suspected Tren de Aragua gang members in Aurora and Denver.[39][40] During a speech to a joint session of Congress on March 4, 2025, Trump falsely claimed immigrants “destroyed” Aurora and that the city had “buckled under the weight of migrant occupation.”[41][42][43] The apartment complex at the root of the controversy was eventually shut down by a court order describing it as a threat to public safety. Police placed blame for the danger on property mismanagement, rather than gang activity among tenants.[44]

Geography

[edit]
Buckley Space Force Base

Aurora's official elevation, posted on signs at the city limits, is 5,471 feet (1,668 m). However, the city spans a difference in elevation of nearly 1,000 feet (300 m). The lowest elevation of 5,285 feet (1,611 m) is found at the point where Sand Creek crosses the city limit in the northwest corner of the city, while the highest elevation of 6,229 feet (1,899 m) is on the extreme southern border of the city in Douglas County, near the intersection of Inspiration and Gartrell roads.[45]

According to 2023 data published by the United States census, the city has a total area of 104,696 acres (423.691 km2) including 371 acres (1.500 km2) of water.[6] The city is about 6 percent more extensive than neighboring Denver but 80 percent of the size of Colorado Springs, ranking as the 54th-largest U.S. city in land area.

 

Neighborhoods

[edit]

Aurora is composed of dozens of neighborhoods, districts and (current and former) military installations. Among them:[citation needed]

  • Adonea
  • Anschutz Medical Campus
  • Aurora Heights
  • Aurora Highlands[46]
  • Aurora Hills
  • Aurora Knolls
  • Beacon Point
  • Berkshire Village
  • Blackstone
  • Brookvale
  • Buckley Space Force Base
  • Carriage Place
  • Centretech
  • Chadsford
  • Chaddsford Village
  • Chambers Heights
  • Chelsea
  • Cinnamon Village II
  • City Center
  • Conservatory
  • Copperleaf
  • Corning
  • Crestridge
  • Cross Creek
  • The Dam East
  • Del Mar
  • The Dam West
  • Downtown A-Town (the Fletcher townsite, Aurora's "downtown")
  • Eastridge
  • East Quincy Highlands
  • Fox Hill
  • Greenfield
  • Hallcraft's Village East
  • Hampton Hills
  • Havana Heights
  • Heather Gardens
  • Heather Ridge
  • Heritage Eagle Bend Golf Club
  • Highline Villages
  • Highpoint
  • Hillside at Del Mar
  • Hoffman Heights
  • Horizon Uptown
  • Horseshoe Park
  • Hutchinson Heights
  • Inspiration
  • Jackson Farm
  • Kingsborough
  • Laredo-Highline
  • Lowry Campus (formerly Lowry Air Force Base)
  • Lynn Knoll
  • Majestic Commercenter II
  • Meadowood
  • Meadow Hills
  • Mission Viejo
  • Morris Heights
  • Murphy Creek
  • Peoria Park
  • Peterson
  • Pheasant Run
  • Piney Creek
  • Pioneer Hills
  • Ponderosa Ridge
  • Porteos
  • Prides Crossing
  • Ptarmigan Park
  • Queensborough
  • Quincy Hill
  • Rocking Horse
  • Rocky Ridge
  • Saddle Rock
  • Sagebrush Farms
  • Sand Creek Ranch
  • Settler's Village
  • Serenity Ridge
  • Seven Hills
  • Shenandoah
  • Stapleton (a portion of the redevelopment of Denver's former airport lies in Aurora, directly north of Original Aurora)
  • Siena
  • Smoky Hill
  • Smoky Ridge
  • Sterling Hills
  • Stricker's House
  • Summer Valley Ranch
  • Tallgrass
  • Tallyn's Reach[47]
  • The Timbers
  • Tollgate Run at Kingsborough
  • Tollgate Village
  • Traditions
  • Tuscany
  • Utah Park
  • Village East
  • Waters Edge
  • Wheatlands
  • Whispering Pines
  • Willow Park
  • Willow Trace
  • Woodgate
  • Woodrim

Surrounding municipalities

[edit]
  North: Denver  
West: Denver, Centennial Aurora East: Watkins, Bennett, Strasburg
  South: Greenwood Village, Centennial,
Foxfield, Parker		  
 

Climate

[edit]

Aurora experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), with four distinct seasons and modest precipitation year-round. Summers range from mild to hot, with generally low humidity and frequent afternoon thunderstorms, and Aurora also averages about one dozen tornado warnings throughout tornado season, running from April to July. Although a touchdown does occur every couple of years, tornadoes are typically weak and short lived. Aurora residents typically hear the tornado sirens go off numerous times more than residents in Denver, to the West. All of Aurora is located east of I-25, where tornado alley begins. Hailstorms, at times one to two-plus feet deep happen on occasion, and typical hailstorms are very common throughout these months.[48] July is the warmest month of the year, with an average high of 89 °F (32 °C) and an average low of 57 °F (14 °C). Winters range from mild to occasional bitter cold, with periods of sunshine alternating with periods of snow, high winds and very low temperatures. December is the coldest month of the year, with an average high of 43 °F (6 °C) and an average low of 17 °F (−8 °C). The average first snowfall in the Aurora area occurs in late October and the average final snowfall occurs in late April, although snow has fallen as early as September 4 and as late as June 5. Generally, deciduous trees in the area are bare from mid October to late April.

Climate data for Aurora, Colorado
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24)		 75
(24)		 83
(28)		 89
(32)		 97
(36)		 105
(41)		 108
(42)		 104
(40)		 100
(38)		 96
(36)		 81
(27)		 73
(23)		 108
(42)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 45
(7)		 47
(8)		 55
(13)		 62
(17)		 71
(22)		 82
(28)		 89
(32)		 86
(30)		 78
(26)		 67
(19)		 53
(12)		 43
(6)		 65
(18)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 18
(−8)		 20
(−7)		 26
(−3)		 33
(1)		 42
(6)		 51
(11)		 57
(14)		 55
(13)		 47
(8)		 35
(2)		 26
(−3)		 17
(−8)		 36
(2)
Record low °F (°C) −32
(−36)		 −24
(−31)		 −14
(−26)		 −7
(−22)		 17
(−8)		 30
(−1)		 41
(5)		 36
(2)		 15
(−9)		 −2
(−19)		 −14
(−26)		 −27
(−33)		 −32
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.49
(12)		 0.47
(12)		 1.50
(38)		 2.08
(53)		 2.85
(72)		 2.00
(51)		 2.46
(62)		 2.05
(52)		 1.44
(37)		 1.03
(26)		 1.18
(30)		 0.65
(17)		 18.20
(462)
Source: Weather.com[49]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1900 202   —
1910 679   236.1%
1920 983   44.8%
1930 2,295   133.5%
1940 3,437   49.8%
1950 11,421   232.3%
1960 48,548   325.1%
1970 74,974   54.4%
1980 158,588   111.5%
1990 222,103   40.1%
2000 276,393   24.4%
2010 325,078   17.6%
2020 386,261   18.8%
2024 (est.) 403,130 [8] 4.4%
U.S. Decennial census

2020 census

[edit]
Aurora, Colorado – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[50] Pop 2010[51] Pop 2020[52] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 163,599 153,715 160,950 59.19% 47.29% 41.67%
Black or African American alone (NH) 36,008 49,003 59,232 13.03% 15.07% 15.33%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 1,511 1,487 1,679 0.55% 0.46% 0.43%
Asian alone (NH) 11,892 15,735 24,480 4.30% 4.84% 6.34%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 458 919 1,549 0.17% 0.28% 0.40%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 495 677 2,213 0.18% 0.21% 0.57%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 7,666 10,279 19,256 2.77% 3.16% 4.99%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 54,764 93,263 116,902 19.81% 28.69% 30.27%
Total 276,393 325,078 386,261 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2010 census, there were 325,078 people, 121,191 households, and 73,036 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,939.6 inhabitants per square mile (748.9/km2). There were 131,040 housing units at an average density of 766.7 units per square mile (296.0 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 61.1% White, 15.7% African American, 4.9% Asian (1.1% Korean, 0.8% Vietnamese, 0.5% Filipino, 0.5% Chinese, 0.5% Indian, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Thai, 0.1% Cambodian, 0.1% Burmese, 0.1% Nepalese, 0.1% Pakistani, 0.1% Indonesian), 1.0% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 11.6% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.7% of the population; 21.9% of Aurora's population is of Mexican heritage, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Guatemalan, 0.3% Honduran, 0.3% Peruvian, 0.2% Cuban, 0.2% Colombian and 0.1% Nicaraguan.[53] Non-Hispanic Whites were 47.3% of the population in 2010,[54] compared to 85.1% in 1980.[55]

Aurora is a center of Colorado's refugee population. There are about 30,000 Ethiopians and Eritreans living in the Denver–Aurora area. There is also a sizable population of Nepalese refugees.[56][57]

There were 121,191 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.2.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 37.6% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,507, and the median income for a family was $52,551. Males had a median income of $35,963 versus $30,080 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,095. About 6.8% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

 

Economy

[edit]

According to the Aurora Economic Development Council,[58] the largest public employers in the city are:

# Employer Employees
1 Buckley Space Force Base 12,100
2 Anschutz Medical Campus 6,360
3 University of Colorado Hospital 4,050
4 Aurora Public Schools 4,020
5 Cherry Creek Schools 3,820
6 City of Aurora 3,740
7 Community College of Aurora 510

According to the Aurora Economic Development Council,[59] the largest private employers in the city of Aurora are:

 
# Employer Employees
1 Children's Hospital Colorado 5,670
2 Raytheon Technologies 2,430
3 Kaiser Permanente 1,940
4 The Medical Center of Aurora 1,710
5 Amazon 1,500
6 24-7 Intouch 1,350
7 SROriginals 870
8 Tyco Integrated Security 850
9 Northrop Grumman 750
10 ADT Inc. 700

Other notable employers in the city include Lockheed Martin Corporation, Staples Inc., United Natural Foods, Aurora Mental Health Center, G45 Secure Solutions, Graebel Relocation, Core-Mark, and Nelnet, Inc.

Attractions

[edit]

The city of Aurora manages more than 100 parks,[60] more than 6,000 acres (24 km2) of open space and natural areas,[60] and six award-winning municipal golf courses (Aurora Hills, Meadow Hills, Murphy Creek, Saddle Rock, Springhill and Fitzsimons).[61] Aurora also is home to several privately owned golf courses including CommonGround Golf Course, Heather Ridge Country Club, Heritage Eagle Bend Golf Club and Valley Country Club. Hogan Park at Highlands Creek in the Aurora Highlands features world-class public art installations,[62] including Liberty,[63] among the 20 tallest statues in the United States.

Star K Ranch, home to Aurora's Morrison Nature Center, provides important habitat for wildlife. It has several trails for nature exploration, including access to the Sand Creek Greenway Trail. Jewell Wetland, a 50-acre (200,000 m2) wooded wetland, features trails, boardwalk/deck access into the wetland and a butterfly garden. Aurora Reservoir and Quincy Reservoir offer plenty of opportunities for outdoor water pursuits.[60]

Sod house at the Plains Conservation Center

DeLaney Farm, site of Aurora's famous historic round barn, has 130 acres (0.53 km2) of open space, trails with access to the High Line Canal, an organic garden managed by Denver Urban Gardens, and two structures on the National Register of Historic Places. The Plains Conservation Center, with 1,100 acres (4.5 km2) of native shortgrass prairie, hosts a variety of educational programs.[60]

Twenty-seven historic sites and landmarks are managed by the city of Aurora, including the Gully Homestead of 1870, the Victorian-style Centennial House of 1890, the privately owned American War Mothers National Memorial Home, the Art Deco-style KOA Building of 1934, the DeLaney Round Barn of 1902, Lowry Building 800, the interim headquarters for the U.S. Air Force Academy from 1955 to 1958, and Stanley Marketplace, which opened at the former site of Stanley Aviation in 2016.[64]

The Aurora Fox Theatre & Arts Center, another historic landmark, is a 245-seat performing arts facility in the Aurora Cultural Arts District, along East Colfax Avenue. In that same area, The People's Building is a performing arts venue with flexible space, including 191 retractable seats and a gallery.[65]

The Aurora History Museum is a community-based cultural center featuring a permanent exhibit on Aurora history and two changing exhibit galleries touching on topics related to history and decorative arts.[66] Additionally, some of their collections can be accessed online here. Aurora is home to the Colorado Freedom Memorial[67] and a memorial garden for the victims of the 2012 theater shooting is located adjacent to City Hall.[68]

The Aurora Symphony Orchestra, a community orchestra established in 1978, offers a full season of full orchestra concerts annually as well as smaller chamber ensemble performances.[69]

The Aurora Public Library provides four main branches and a variety of events throughout the year.[70]

Town Center at Aurora is the city's centrally located indoor shopping mall. Other major retail centers in Aurora include the outdoor The Gardens on Havana (formerly Buckingham Square) and Southlands Town Center, which is the metro area's largest.[71] Stanley Marketplace is a non-traditional retail and entertainment venue occupying the former Stanley Aviation plant.

Government

[edit]

The city of Aurora operates under a council-manager form of government, where the city manager runs the city's day-to-day operations with general guidance from the city council. The Aurora City Council is composed of a mayor and ten council members. Six members are elected from districts, while the other four are elected at large. The mayor is elected by the entire city. Aurora's mayor role is largely ceremonial, but the mayor does have direct impact on policy issues as the head of city council.[72] The council is nonpartisan; however, parties of members have been listed below for reference.

Aurora City Council members[73]
District Officeholder Political party
Mayor Mike Coffman Republican
At-Large Amsalu Kassaw (Stub-Term for Dustin Zvonek as of December 16, 2024) Republican
Danielle Jurinsky Republican
Alison Coombs Democratic
Curtis Gardner Republican
Ward I Crystal Murillo Democratic
Ward II Steve Sundberg Republican
Ward III Ruben Medina Democratic
Ward IV Stephanie Hancock

Republican
Ward V Angela Lawson Nonpartisan
Ward VI Francoise Bergan Republican

This full-service city is protected by the Aurora Police Department,[74] one of only 10 law enforcement agencies in Colorado to be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies; the Aurora Fire Department,[75] which is accredited by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International; and a Public Safety Communications dispatch call center.[76] The Aurora Municipal Courts handles a wide variety of offense violations, and the Aurora Detention Center is a 72-hour adult holding facility.[77]

Politics

[edit]

In national elections, Aurora leans to the left and the Democratic Party, though not as much as neighboring Denver but more than other suburbs in the Denver metro area. Northern and Central Aurora, due to an extremely racially and culturally diverse voter base and high density for a suburban city, are some of the most Democratic areas in Colorado and vote similarly to Denver and Boulder; southern Aurora, similar to neighboring Centennial, used to lean Republican but has swung Democratic entering the 2020s.[78][79]

Aurora anchors Colorado's 6th congressional district and is represented in Congress by Jason Crow (D-Centennial). State representation is listed in the tables below (areas implied to be in Arapahoe County unless noted: not all districts are fully in Aurora).

Colorado State Representatives

[edit]
District Name Party Area Represented
  District 30 Dafna Michaelson Jenet Democratic North Aurora (Adams County)
  District 36 Michael Carter Democratic Eastern Aurora
  District 37 Tom Sullivan Democratic Southeastern Aurora
  District 39 Mark Baisley Republican Southern Aurora (Douglas County)
  District 40 Naquetta Ricks Democratic South-central Aurora
  District 41 Iman Jodeh Democratic Central Aurora
  District 42 Mandy Lindsay Democratic North-central Aurora
  District 44 Kim Ransom Republican Southern Aurora (Douglas County)
  District 56 Rod Bockenfeld Republican Eastern Aurora (Adams and Arapahoe Counties)

Colorado State Senators

[edit]
District Name Party Area represented
  District 4 Jim Smallwood Republican Southern Aurora (Douglas County)
  District 25 Kevin Priola Democratic[a] Northern Aurora (Adams County)
  District 26 Jeff Bridges Democratic South-central Aurora
  District 27 Chris Kolker Democratic Southeastern Aurora
  District 28 Janet Buckner Democratic South-central Aurora
  District 29 Rhonda Fields Democratic North-central Aurora

List of mayors

[edit]
List of mayors of Fletcher and Aurora[81]
Name Period served Notes
H. M. Miliken May 27, 1891 – May 1, 1894  
A. L. B. Davies May 2, 1894 – April 2, 1895  
P. H. Chambers April 3, 1895 – April 15, 1898  
W. A. Clundy April 16, 1898 – April 8, 1899  
W. H. Murphy April 9, 1899 – April 12, 1901  
Jonas Washburn April 13, 1901 – April 6, 1903  
Harry S. Class April 7, 1903 – April 14, 1904  
Louis M. Strauss April 15, 1904 – April 2, 1905  
Wilmer J. Parker April 13, 1905 – April 10, 1906 Resigned
Andrew Thompson April 16, 1906 – April 14, 1907 Last mayor of Fletcher
Edwin G. Smith April 15, 1907 – April 12, 1908 First mayor of Aurora
A. H. Kramer April 13, 1908 – April 13, 1910  
V. T. O'Donald April 14, 1910 – April 17, 1911  
Gershom Jones April 18, 1911 – April 13, 1914  
H. B. Thompson April 14, 1914 – April 12, 1917  
George E. Smith April 13, 1917 – December 7, 1917 Resigned
Harry Katherman December 8, 1917 – July 1, 1918 Mayor pro tem
John McMillan July 1, 1918 – May 4, 1919  
J. N. Trompen May 5, 1919 – April 21, 1920  
Jasper Parrish April 22, 1920 – April 14, 1921  
John McMillan April 15, 1921 – April 11, 1926  
F. A. Harrison April 12, 1926 – April 10, 1927  
E S. Murphy April 11, 1927 – April 24, 1929  
B. B. Nevius April 25, 1929 – April 12, 1931  
Charles F. Holzer April 13, 1931 – April 6, 1937  
W. J. Parrish April 7, 1937 – April 6, 1941  
J. E. McWhorter April 7, 1941 – January 11, 1943 Resigned
A. O. Hill January 13, 1943 – April 8, 1945 Appointed January 13, 1943, elected April 12, 1943
B. T. Howard April 9, 1945 – January 11, 1948  
C. E. Tupps January 12, 1948 – November 8, 1953  
William B. Mansfield November 9, 1953 – November 6, 1955  
Allen C. Bradly November 7, 1955 – November 8, 1959  
Harry W. Allard November 9, 1959 – November 11, 1963  
Robert W. Fennig November 12, 1963 – November 7, 1965  
Norma O. Walker November 8, 1965 – November 12, 1967 First female mayor[82]
Paul C. Beck November 13, 1967 – December 8, 1974  
William R. Dominguez December 9, 1974 – November 9, 1975  
Fred H. Hood November 10, 1975 – November 5, 1979  
Dennis Champine November 6, 1979 – November 3, 1987  
Paul Tauer November 4, 1987 – November 4, 2003  
Edward J. Tauer November 5, 2003 – November 13, 2011  
Steve Hogan November 14, 2011 – May 13, 2018  
Bob LeGare June 25, 2018 – December 1, 2019  
Mike Coffman December 2, 2019 – present  

Education

[edit]

Primary and secondary education school districts:[83][84][85]

Charter schools:

Private schools:

Post-secondary and career education:[88]

Media

[edit]
Main article: Media in Aurora, Colorado

Transportation

[edit]
Florida Station pedestrian bridge over Interstate 225

Aurora straddles I-70, I-225 and the E-470 beltway. The Regional Transportation District's light rail transit system was extended to serve the southwestern edge of Aurora on November 17, 2006. The H Line stops at Aurora's Dayton and Nine Mile Stations; a comprehensive network of feeder buses in southern Aurora serve the latter. On February 24, 2017, the line was extended as the R Line to Peoria Station in the city's northwest, where riders may transfer to the A Line providing service between Union Station in Downtown Denver and Denver Airport. Much of Aurora is more convenient to Denver International Airport than Denver itself, and the city is planning an Aerotropolis along the airport's southern flank.[89] This proximity is a factor in the expected growth of the E-470 corridor directly south of Denver International Airport, projected to eventually accommodate 250,000 additional Aurora residents.[citation needed] The easternmost portions of Aurora adjoin the Colorado Air and Space Port.

In 2017, Aurora became the first city in Colorado to host a dockless bike sharing program, but operations have been suspended since August 2022.[90]

Sports

[edit]

In 2014 the U.S.A. Powerlifting Raw Nationals and the IPF Open Powerlifting World Championships were both held in Aurora. The WC was the 35th Women's and 44th Men's Open Powerlifting Championships, and it was held on the Radisson Hotel Denver Southeast.[91]

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Aurora, Colorado

Sister cities

[edit]

Aurora's sister cities are:[92]

Friendship cities

[edit]

Aurora also has two friendship cities:[92]

See also

[edit]
 

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Kevin Priola was elected as a Republican, and crossed the floor to the Democratic Party in 2022.[80]
  2. ^ After Aurora Sister Cities International was resurrected in 2013.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Active Colorado Municipalities". Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
  3. ^ a b "Aurora, Colorado". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
  4. ^ a b "Colorado Municipal Incorporations". State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. December 1, 2004. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
  5. ^ a b "Official Notice of City in this Issue". The Aurora Democrat. Vol. 19, no. 12. March 9, 1928. p. 1.
  6. ^ a b "Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "US Census Bureau City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2024". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  9. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. August 19, 2007. Archived from the original (JavaScript/HTML) on August 18, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2007. The post office serving 80137 is located in Aurora, but "Watkins" is the place nameCity assigned to the ZIP code.
  10. ^ Temprano, Victor (2015). "Native Land". Native Land Digital.
  11. ^ In the 1980s, a subdivision named “Louisiana Purchase” was developed along Louisiana Avenue on the east side of the city.
  12. ^ Bauer, William H.; Ozment, James L.; Willard, John H. (1990). Colorado Post Offices 1859–1989. Golden, Colorado: Colorado Railroad Historical Foundation. ISBN 0-918654-42-4.
  13. ^ "Census Shows Aurora is now a City". The Aurora Democrat. Vol. 19, no. 10. February 24, 1928. p. 1.
  14. ^ "Aurora Town Becomes a City Today". The Aurora Democrat. Vol. 19, no. 11. March 2, 1928. p. 1.
  15. ^ "Timeline: Development of the Anschutz campus (Slideshow) - Denver Business Journal". Denver Business Journal. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
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  20. ^ "AAC Winners by State and City". Ncl.org. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
  21. ^ Levy, Max (January 10, 2023). "Aurora poised to double capacity of Prairie Waters riverbank filtration project with federal grant". Sentinel Colorado. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  22. ^ "Prairie Waters". auroragov.org. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
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  30. ^ Babineau, Andi; Levenson, Eric; and Tucker, Emma (October 12, 2023). "One officer who arrested Elijah McClain convicted of criminally negligent homicide; second officer acquitted". CNN. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  31. ^ Alvarez, Alayna (September 11, 2024). "Aurora leaders backtrack on "overstated" claims of Venezuelan gang activity". Axios.
  32. ^ Acevedo, Nicole (September 11, 2024). "What led to rumors Trump shared about Venezuelan gangs taking over a Colorado building?". NBC News.
  33. ^ "Police identify three more people from viral video of armed men inside Aurora apartment complex". Denver 7 Colorado News (KMGH). 2024-09-26. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  34. ^ Mason, Tori (2024-08-30). "Venezuelan gang activity confirmed by Aurora officials after release of Colorado woman's surveillance video - CBS Colorado". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  35. ^ "Trump seizes on one block of a Colorado city to warn of migrant crime threat, even as crime dips". KLRT - FOX16.com. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
  36. ^ Waddick, Karissa. "Trump proposes 'Operation Aurora,' escalates migrant rhetoric at Colo. rally: 3 takeaways". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
  37. ^ Birkeland, Bente; DeMare ·, Kiara (2024-10-11). "In a long but cheerful line, Trump supporters await their candidate in Aurora". Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
  38. ^ Writer, Cassandra Ballard, Sentinel Staff (2024-10-11). "Colorado Dems skewer Trump in Aurora ahead of campaign rally at Gaylord". Sentinel Colorado. Retrieved 2024-10-12.cite web: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ El-Bawab, Nadine; Cook, Jeffrey; Barr, Luke. "ICE carries out raid in Colorado, 100 members of Venezuelan gang targeted for arrest: Officials". ABC News.
  40. ^ Jervis, Trevor Hughes and Rick. "Trump's promised immigration raids hit Colorado cities". USA TODAY.
  41. ^ "Colorado apartment complex where armed gang members were seen on video will be closed". January 14, 2025.
  42. ^ Miller, Zeke; Price, Michelle L. (2025-03-05). "Trump falsely says Aurora 'buckled,' 'destroyed' by immigrants, gangs; promises unrelenting action' for US change". Sentinel Colorado. Associated Press. Retrieved 2025-03-08.
  43. ^ "Aurora's new police chief confronts Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua". March 22, 2025.
  44. ^ McCall, Angeline (January 13, 2025). "Court grants emergency order to shut down Aurora apartment complex immediately". 9NEWS. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  45. ^ "Missing Page or Old Bookmark @ AuroraGov.Org". www.auroragov.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
  46. ^ "A bold look at Denver area's future: In Aurora, first large master plan in years has a fall-themed preview next weekend (Oct. 26-27)". October 18, 2019.
  47. ^ "Tallyn's Reach". tallynsreach-community.com. Brookfield Residential. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
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  49. ^ Weather.com—[1] Archived August 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  50. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Aurora city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  51. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Aurora city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  52. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Aurora city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  53. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. October 5, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
  54. ^ "Aurora (city), Colorado". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  55. ^ "Colorado - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  56. ^ Illescas, Carlos. Aurora reaching out refugee community, Denver Post, December 21, 2012.
  57. ^ Bunch, Joey. Denver metro area home to 30,000 Ethiopians, Eritreans Archived March 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Denver Post, July 29, 2013.
  58. ^ "Aurora Economic Development Council". Auroraedc.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  59. ^ "Aurora Economic Development Council - Largest Employers". www.auroraedc.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  60. ^ a b c d "Parks & Open Spaces @ AuroraGov.Org". Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  61. ^ "Golf @ AuroraGov.Org". Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  62. ^ "Art in the Park". The Aurora Highlands. Retrieved 2025-04-26.
  63. ^ milehighcre (2025-04-23). "Massive 58-Foot Sculpture "Liberty" to be Installed in Aurora". Mile High CRE. Retrieved 2025-04-26.
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  66. ^ "Aurora History Museum @ AuroraGov.Org". Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  67. ^ "Colorado Freedom Memorial". Visit Aurora. Retrieved 2024-05-31.
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  70. ^ "Aurora Public Library". City of Aurora. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
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Bibliography

[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of Aurora, Colorado
[edit]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Broomfield is located in Colorado
Broomfield
Broomfield
Broomfield (Colorado)
Broomfield
Consolidated city and county[1]
City and County of Broomfield
Flag of Broomfield
Flag
Official seal of Broomfield
Seal
Location of the City and County of Broomfield in Colorado
Location of the City and County of Broomfield in Colorado
Broomfield is located in the United States
Broomfield
Broomfield
Location of the City and County of Broomfield, Colorado.

Coordinates: 39°55′14″N 105°05′12″W / 39.9205°N 105.0867°W / 39.9205; -105.0867 (Broomfield, Colorado)[3]CountryUnited StatesStateColoradoCity and CountyBroomfield[2]IncorporatedJune 6, 1961[1]ConsolidatedNovember 15, 2001Named afterThe broomcorn once grown in the areaGovernment

 

 • TypeConsolidated city and county[1] • MayorGuyleen Castriotta[4]Area

[5]
 • Total

33.548 sq mi (86.890 km2) • Land32.968 sq mi (85.387 km2) • Water0.580 sq mi (1.503 km2)Elevation

[3]

5,348 ft (1,630 m)Population

 (2020)[6]
 • Total

74,112

 • Estimate 
(2024)

78,323 Increase • Density2,248.0/sq mi (867.95/km2) • Metro

 

2,963,821 (19th) • CSA

 

3,623,560 (17th) • Front Range

 

5,055,344Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST) • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)ZIP code[7]

80020, 80021, 80023,
80038 (PO Box)

Area codes303/720/983GNIS pop ID204704GNIS city ID2409919GNIS county ID1945881FIPS city code08-09280FIPS county code08-99014WebsiteCity and County of Broomfield

Broomfield is a consolidated city and county located in the U.S. state of Colorado.[1] It has a consolidated government which operates under Article XX, Sections 10–13 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado. Broomfield's population was 74,112 at the 2020 United States census,[6] making it the 15th most populous municipality and the 12th most populous county in Colorado. Broomfield is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range urban corridor.

History

[edit]

The Broomfield post office opened on September 26, 1884.[8] Historians speculate that the town was named for the sorghum grown in the area, also known as broomcorn, which had stalks that were sold to make brooms and whisk brooms.[9]

Several railroads figure in the development of this area. The Colorado Central Railroad built a narrow-gauge line from Golden in 1873; the Denver, Utah and Pacific Railroad arrived in 1881; and the Denver, Marshall and Boulder Railway built a line through what is now Broomfield in 1886. The Denver, Utah and Pacific was widened to standard gauge in 1889. One of the early names for the area was Zang's Spur, after the railroad spur serving Adolph Zang's grain fields.[10]

The Denver–Boulder Turnpike was constructed through the Broomfield area to speed automobile travel between the state capital of Denver and the university city of Boulder. Construction of the toll road began in 1950 and the turnpike was opened to traffic on January 19, 1952, with the sole toll plaza at Broomfield with access to U.S. Route 287 through the town.[11] The toll to travel from Federal Boulevard in Adams County to Broomfield was 10 cents and the toll from Broomfield to Boulder was 15 cents, or 25 cents for the whole route.[11]

The City of Broomfield was incorporated on June 6, 1961, in the southeastern corner of Boulder County.[1] The Denver–Boulder Turnpike was a common commuting route and Broomfield became a popular residential area. On September 14, 1967, having paid off its construction and operating expenses, the turnpike was made free and became the official route of U.S. Route 36 between Denver, Boulder, and the Rocky Mountain National Park. The turnpike became the first public toll road in the United States to become free.[11]

In the 1990s, after three decades of aggressive annexation, the City of Broomfield had expanded into Adams, Jefferson, and Weld counties in addition to Boulder.[12] City leaders felt increasing chagrin with the need to deal with four different county governments, four separate county sales tax bases, and four separate court districts. They began pushing to make Broomfield a consolidated city-county similar to Denver, reasoning that they could provide services more responsively if Broomfield had its own county government.

The city sought an amendment to the state constitution to create a new county. The amendment was passed in 1998, after which a three-year transition period followed.

On November 15, 2001, Broomfield County became the 64th and least extensive county of Colorado. It is the newest county in Colorado (and in the entire United States, if county equivalents are not included).[13]

Geography

[edit]

Broomfield is located midway between Denver and Boulder along U.S. Routes 36 and 287 at coordinates

39°55′14″N 105°05′12″W / 39.9205°N 105.0867°W / 39.9205; -105.0867 (Broomfield, Colorado) at an elevation of 5,348 feet (1,630 m).[3]

At the 2020 United States census, Broomfield had a total area of 21,471 acres (86.890 km2), including 371 acres (1.503 km2) of water.[5] It is the smallest county by area in Colorado, and the 5th smallest in the United States.

Airport

[edit]

Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport is located in Broomfield.

Major highways

[edit]

Adjacent counties

[edit]
 

Climate

[edit]

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Broomfield has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk). According to the United States Department of Agriculture, it is in plant hardiness zone 6a with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of −9.4 °F (−23.0 °C).[14]

Climate data for City and County of Broomfield, CO. Elevation 5407 ft
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 45.4
(7.4)		 47.5
(8.6)		 54.6
(12.6)		 62.3
(16.8)		 71.6
(22.0)		 81.9
(27.7)		 88.7
(31.5)		 86.2
(30.1)		 78.1
(25.6)		 65.8
(18.8)		 53.0
(11.7)		 44.7
(7.1)		 65.1
(18.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 18.3
(−7.6)		 20.2
(−6.6)		 27.0
(−2.8)		 33.8
(1.0)		 43.0
(6.1)		 51.7
(10.9)		 57.6
(14.2)		 56.2
(13.4)		 47.3
(8.5)		 35.9
(2.2)		 25.7
(−3.5)		 18.0
(−7.8)		 36.3
(2.4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.44
(11)		 0.43
(11)		 1.64
(42)		 2.07
(53)		 2.26
(57)		 1.73
(44)		 1.76
(45)		 1.86
(47)		 1.26
(32)		 1.12
(28)		 0.87
(22)		 0.68
(17)		 16.12
(409)
Average relative humidity (%) 50.5 51.1 48.0 45.8 49.6 46.8 44.2 48.5 46.1 47.2 49.8 51.8 48.3
Average dew point °F (°C) 15.6
(−9.1)		 17.7
(−7.9)		 22.6
(−5.2)		 28.2
(−2.1)		 38.6
(3.7)		 45.8
(7.7)		 50.0
(10.0)		 50.8
(10.4)		 41.7
(5.4)		 31.4
(−0.3)		 22.2
(−5.4)		 15.6
(−9.1)		 31.8
(−0.1)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[15]

Ecology

[edit]

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Broomfield would have a Bouteloua/buffalograss (65, commonly known as grama grass) vegetation type and a shortgrass prairie (17) vegetation form.[16]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1960 4,535   —
1970 7,261   60.1%
1980 20,730   185.5%
1990 24,638   18.9%
2000 38,272   55.3%
2010 55,889   46.0%
2020 74,112   32.6%
2024 (est.) 78,323 [17] 5.7%
U.S. Decennial Census

Broomfield is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The 2020 census estimated there were 74,112 people living in Broomfield.[6] The population density was 2,248 people per square mile (868 people/km2), making it the second most densely populated county in Colorado behind Denver.[18] The racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 76.0% White, 6.9% Asian, 1.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 10.9% from two or more races;[6] additionally, 13.4% were Hispanic or Latino[19] and, by 2023, 8.8% were foreign-born.[20]

In 2023, there were 33,563 households, of which 48.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% were cohabiting couple households, 18.7% had a male householder with no spouse/partner present, and 21.9% had a female householder with no spouse/partner present. 22.5% of households had one or more people under 18 years, and 25.6% of households had one or more people 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.28 people, and the average family size was 2.90 people.[20]

In 2023, age distribution figures showed 20.2% of residents under the age of 18 and 16.5% age 65 years or older.[21] The median age was 37.9 years and females made up 49.1% of the population.[21]

In 2023, the median household income in Broomfield was $112,139 and the median family income was $130,920.[22] The per capita income for the city was $59,679,[23] with 5.3% of the population living below the poverty line[24] and 2.7% without health care coverage.[25] By 2018–2022 estimates, Broomfield had the 3rd highest median household income among Colorado counties and the 40th highest in the United States;[26] for families, the median income was the 2nd highest among Colorado counties and the 18th highest in the United States.[27]

In 2023, the educational attainment of residents over age 25 included 97.0% being high school graduates (or higher), 58.8% holding a bachelor's degree (or higher), and 25.6% holding a graduate or professional degree.[28]

Politics

[edit]

When the county was formed in 2001, it was a swing county, and it has voted for the winner of Colorado's electoral votes since then. In the 2012 election, incumbent president and Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican Mitt Romney by roughly five percentage points. In recent years, the county has trended towards the Democratic Party, in line with the rest of the Denver area. In 2016, it voted decisively for Hillary Clinton. Joe Biden won the county by a larger margin in 2020, and Kamala Harris won the county by an even larger margin in 2024.

As of August 1, 2025, among 56,705 active registered voters in Broomfield, 15,317 were Democrats, 10,412 were Republicans, and 29,857 were not affiliated with any party.[29]

Broomfield voters approved ranked-choice voting for municipal elections in 2021. Due to a lack of candidates and delays in the Colorado Secretary of State auditing procedures, implementation of ranked-choice voting has been delayed until 2027.[30]

United States presidential election results for Broomfield, Colorado
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2004 12,007 51.68% 10,935 47.06% 293 1.26%
2008 12,757 43.31% 16,168 54.89% 528 1.79%
2012 15,008 45.67% 16,966 51.62% 891 2.71%
2016 14,367 38.12% 19,731 52.35% 3,591 9.53%
2020 16,295 34.94% 29,077 62.35% 1,260 2.70%
2024 16,071 34.30% 29,426 62.81% 1,351 2.88%
 

Economy

[edit]
Company housing image for Monarch Mine in Broomfield, 1947

In the 1990s, Broomfield and other area suburbs experienced tremendous economic growth, much of it focused in technology.

The FlatIron Crossing mall is a large shopping and entertainment center, anchored by Dick's Sporting Goods, Macy's, and Forever 21.

Crocs, Vail Resorts, MWH Global, Flatiron Construction, Webroot, Noodles & Company, and Mrs. Fields are headquartered in Broomfield.

Top employers

[edit]

According to Broomfield's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[31] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Oracle America 1,650
2 Intermountain Health Care 1,550
3 BAE Systems 1,100
4 Hunter Douglas Window Fashions Division 950
5 City and County of Broomfield 900
6 Vail Resorts 750
7 DanoneWave Foods 600
8 Crocs 600
9 Broadcom Inc. 500
10 VMware 450

Media

[edit]

The Broomfield Enterprise is the local newspaper. KBDI-TV, the secondary PBS member station for the Denver area, is licensed to Broomfield.

Recreation

[edit]

Broomfield's recreational opportunities include the Paul Derda Recreation Center and pool, athletic fields, courts and rinks and open space and trails.[32][33]

Broomfield has an extensive trail system that connects the various lakes and parks. A scenic trail connects the Stearns Lake and the Josh's Pond memorial on the west side of town. Broomfield also has a 9/11 memorial containing a piece of a steel beam from one of the towers.

The Paul Derda Recreation Center

Broomfield also has a skate park with many different features such as bowls, a large half-pipe and several "street" obstacles.

The Broomfield Community Center (renovated in 2020) offers a wide variety of fitness classes, senior activities, and hosts swim meets and kids' camps for the whole city and county.

A few of the favorite outdoor activities of Broomfield residents are tennis and golf. There are a large number of golf courses and tennis courts open to the public. Broomfield Community Center also hosts other Denver metro cities in their center, mainly for pickleball games and tournaments.

Government

[edit]

Broomfield's leadership includes the Mayor, the Mayor Pro Tem, the City and County Manager, Attorney, and City Council members.[4]

Broomfield City and County Leadership
Role Name
Mayoral Office
Mayor Guyleen Castriotta
Mayor Pro-Tem Deven Shaff
City Officials
City and County Manager Jennifer Hoffman
City and County Attorney Nancy Rodgers
City Council Members
Ward 1
Kenny Nguyen James Marsh-Holschen
Ward 2
Paloma Delgadillo Austin Ward
Ward 3
Jean Lim Deven Shaff
Ward 4
Bruce Leslie Laurie Anderson
Ward 5
Heidi Henkel Todd Cohen

Sheriff and county commissioners

[edit]

Broomfield operates as a consolidated city-county. The city council acts simultaneously as the board of county commissioners, and the police chief is simultaneously the county sheriff. The Broomfield Police Department performs all of the duties that would normally be performed by a county sheriff's office, including operating the county jail (detention center), providing security and bailiff services for the Broomfield Municipal, County, and District Courts and the Combined Courts Building, and providing civil process in the county. The police chief can be hired or fired at will by the city council, which makes Broomfield's sheriff, along with Denver's, the only non-elected sheriffs in the state.

Education

[edit]

Since Broomfield used to be divided among four counties, students living in the city were served by the separate school districts for their county.[citation needed] While the city is now united within one county, it is still separated among 6 school districts:[34]

Of Colorado's 10 largest school districts, 4 (Jefferson County, Adams 12 Five Star, St. Vrain Valley, and Boulder Valley)[35] have sections in Broomfield.

Broomfield features two large public high schools (Broomfield High School and Legacy High School), two public middle schools, and eight public elementary schools. There are four private schools: Brightmont Academy, a 1-to-1 school for all grade levels; Broomfield Academy, with an academic preschool, an elementary school, and a middle school; Holy Family, a Catholic high school; and Nativity of Our Lord Parish, a Catholic elementary school. Broomfield also contains two K–12 charter schools — Prospect Ridge Academy and Front Range Academy, which has two Broomfield campuses.

Notable people

[edit]

Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Broomfield (or both) include:

Sister city

[edit]
See also: List of sister cities in Colorado

Broomfield has a sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Broomfield, Colorado". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  4. ^ a b "Council Members and Leadership". City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. November 29, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d "RACE. Decennial Census, DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171), Table P1". U.S. Census Bureau. 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  7. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  8. ^ Bauer, William H.; Ozment, James L.; Willard, John H. (1990). Colorado Post Offices 1859–1989. Golden, Colorado: Colorado Railroad Historical Foundation. ISBN 0-918654-42-4.
  9. ^ O'Connor, Colleen (April 27, 2016). "Broomfield's historic train depot evokes forgotten history in Colorado". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  10. ^ "History of Broomfield". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c Salek, Matthew E. (17 November 2013). "Colorado Highways: The Denver-Boulder Turnpike". Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  12. ^ "Broomfield with Legacy County Boundaries". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. May 10, 2022. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  13. ^ "Substantial Changes to Counties and County Equivalent Entities: 1970-Present". U.S. Census Bureau. October 8, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  14. ^ "USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  15. ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". www.prism.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  16. ^ "U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions)". Data Basin. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  17. ^ "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
  18. ^ "2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  19. ^ "HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. Decennial Census, DEC Demographic and Housing Characteristics, Table P9". U.S. Census Bureau. 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  20. ^ a b "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Table DP02". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Age and Sex. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S0101". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  22. ^ "Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars). American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1901". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  23. ^ "Per Capita Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars). American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B19301". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  24. ^ "Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1701". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  25. ^ "Selected Characteristics of Health Insurance Coverage in the United States. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S2701". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  26. ^ "Income Table for Colorado Counties — Median household income". HDPulse: An Ecosystem of Minority Health and Health Disparities Resources. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  27. ^ "Income Table for Colorado Counties — Median family income". HDPulse: An Ecosystem of Minority Health and Health Disparities Resources. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  28. ^ "Educational Attainment. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1501". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  29. ^ "2025 Voter Registration Statistics — July statistics". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  30. ^ Stevenson, Corbett (2025-02-12). "Broomfield won't see ranked choice voting until 2027". Broomfield Enterprise. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  31. ^ "City and County of Broomfield Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2023". Retrieved January 6, 2025.
  32. ^ "Parks, Recreation and Senior Services". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  33. ^ "Open Space and Trails". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  34. ^ Geography Division (December 17, 2020). School District Reference Map: Broomfield County, CO (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  35. ^ "Colorado public school enrollment declines slightly with 3,253 fewer students". Colorado Department of Education. January 18, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  36. ^ Boslough, Mark (November 30, 2014). "F-Bomb the N-Word Out of Existence". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  37. ^ Krider, Dylan Otto (19 May 2010). "Brown comes home to Broomfield for Broomstock". Broomfield Enterprise. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  38. ^ "Broomfield man reviving dad`s Disney days". Broomfield Enterprise. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  39. ^ "Dianne Primavera's Biography". Vote Smart. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  40. ^ "Anna Prins". Iowa State Cyclones. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  41. ^ Russo, Vince (2010). Rope Opera: How WCW Killed Vince Russo. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1550228687.
  42. ^ "Steve Schmuhl". Indiana University Athletics. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  43. ^ "Mike Wilpolt". ArenaFan. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  44. ^ "Kitty Zingano". UFC. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  45. ^ "Our Sister Cities". Broomfield Sister Cities Organization. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  46. ^ "Membership Directory". Sister Cities International. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
[edit]
 
 
 

 

 

Littleton, Colorado
Home rule municipality[1]
Downtown Littleton, 2015.
Downtown Littleton, 2015.
Location of the City of Littleton in Arapahoe,
Location of the City of Littleton in Arapahoe,
Littleton is located in the United States
Littleton
Littleton
Location of the City of Littleton in the United States.
Coordinates: 39°36′48″N 105°1′0″W / 39.61333°N 105.01667°W / 39.61333; -105.01667
Country United States
State Colorado
Counties[2] Arapahoe County
City[1] Littleton
Settled 1862
Incorporated March 13, 1890[4]
Named after Richard Little
Government
 
 • Type Council–manager government
 • Mayor Kyle Schlachter [5]
Area
[6]
 • Total
 35.63 km2 (13.76 sq mi)
 • Land 32.69 km2 (12.62 sq mi)
 • Water 2.93 km2 (1.13 sq mi)
Elevation
[7]
 1,645 m (5,397 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
 45,652[3]
 • Density 1,281.92/km2 (3,320.15/sq mi)
Time zone UTC−7 (MST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−6 (MDT)
ZIP codes[8]
80120-80130, 80160-80163 (PO Boxes), 80165, 80166
Area codes Both 303 and 720
FIPS code 08-45255
GNIS feature ID 2410845[7]
Highways US 85, SH 75, SH 88, SH 470
Website littletonco.gov/

Littleton is a home rule municipality city located in Arapahoe county, Colorado, United States. Littleton is the county seat of Arapahoe County and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.[10][11] The city population was 45,652 at the 2020 United States census, ranking as the 20th most populous municipality in Colorado.

History

[edit]
See also: Littleton Main Street and Littleton Town Hall

The city of Littleton's history dates back to the 1859 Pike's Peak gold rush, which brought not just gold seekers, but merchants and farmers to the community. Richard Sullivan Little was an engineer from New Hampshire who came West to work on irrigation systems. Little soon decided to settle in the area at present day Littleton and brought his wife Angeline from the East in 1862. The Littles and neighbors built the Rough and Ready Flour Mill in 1867, which provided a solid economic base in the community. By 1890, the community had grown to 245 people and the residents voted to incorporate the Town of Littleton.[12]

Littleton grew significantly throughout the 1950s and 1960s due to its proximity to Denver and to the Martin Marietta facilities, which produced the Titan rocket and other aerospace products. Littleton is today fully engulfed in metropolitan Denver.

Littleton became widely known in 1999 when the Columbine High School massacre occurred, where two of the school's students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher, injured 23 others and then killed themselves.[13] News media wrongly reported that the incident happened in the city, because the school's ZIP code is primarily associated with Littleton.[14] The school is located in adjacent Columbine, an unincorporated community, which is not a place name accepted by the U.S. Postal Service;[14] by default, locations in ZIP code 80123 use "Littleton" in their mailing addresses.[15] Columbine High School is in the Jefferson County school system and is not one of the Littleton Public Schools.[16][17]

Geography

[edit]

Littleton is located in central Colorado north of the junction of U.S. Route 85 and Colorado State Highway 470; the city is 9 miles (14 km) south of downtown Denver and 55 miles (89 km) north of Colorado Springs.[18][19]

Littleton lies on the South Platte River in the Colorado Piedmont region of the Great Plains a few miles east of the Front Range of the Southern Rocky Mountains.[18][20][21] Most of the city lies on the east side of the river. Several small tributaries of the river flow northwest through the city; from north to south, these include Big Dry Creek, Slaughterhouse Gulch, Lee Gulch, and Dad Clark Gulch. In addition, several small lakes and reservoirs are located along the river in the southwestern part of the city. Immediately west of the river are Cooley Lake, Bufflehead Lake, South Platte Reservoir, Eaglewatch Lake, Redtail Lake, and Blackrock Lake. Wolhurst Lake and McLellen Reservoir are east of the river, fed and drained by Dad Clark Gulch. Chatfield Reservoir lies immediately southwest of the city.[18]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.87 square miles (35.9 km2) of which 12.98 square miles (33.6 km2) is land and 0.89 square miles (2.3 km2) (6.4%) is water.[22]

As a suburb of Denver, Littleton is part of the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.[23] It shares a border with Denver and Englewood on the north, Greenwood Village on the northeast, Centennial on the east, Highlands Ranch on the south, Columbine and Columbine Valley on the west, and Bow Mar on the northwest.[22]

Unlike most county seats of suburban counties, Littleton is on the same house numbering grid, including its downtown, as the major city, in this case, Denver.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Littleton, Colorado (Elevation 5,310ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 78
(26)		 76
(24)		 86
(30)		 88
(31)		 90
(32)		 98
(37)		 99
(37)		 98
(37)		 94
(34)		 88
(31)		 82
(28)		 76
(24)		 99
(37)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 43.8
(6.6)		 47.2
(8.4)		 53.9
(12.2)		 62.6
(17.0)		 69.4
(20.8)		 80.3
(26.8)		 85.4
(29.7)		 82.7
(28.2)		 75.4
(24.1)		 64.1
(17.8)		 51.0
(10.6)		 43.0
(6.1)		 63.2
(17.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.3
(−9.3)		 19.1
(−7.2)		 27.7
(−2.4)		 35.1
(1.7)		 43.4
(6.3)		 52.6
(11.4)		 57.6
(14.2)		 55.8
(13.2)		 46.6
(8.1)		 33.7
(0.9)		 22.8
(−5.1)		 15.0
(−9.4)		 35.4
(1.9)
Record low °F (°C) −20
(−29)		 −23
(−31)		 −5
(−21)		 6
(−14)		 21
(−6)		 36
(2)		 44
(7)		 42
(6)		 17
(−8)		 2
(−17)		 −2
(−19)		 −29
(−34)		 −29
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.36
(9.1)		 0.47
(12)		 1.44
(37)		 1.50
(38)		 2.75
(70)		 1.88
(48)		 1.89
(48)		 1.99
(51)		 1.09
(28)		 1.23
(31)		 1.14
(29)		 0.64
(16)		 16.39
(416)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.9
(23)		 7.8
(20)		 11.9
(30)		 7.8
(20)		 0.6
(1.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.9
(2.3)		 3.0
(7.6)		 12.2
(31)		 12.7
(32)		 65.7
(167)
Source: The Western Regional Climate Center[24]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1880 100   —
1900 738   —
1910 1,373   86.0%
1920 1,636   19.2%
1930 2,019   23.4%
1940 2,244   11.1%
1950 3,378   50.5%
1960 13,670   304.7%
1970 26,466   93.6%
1980 28,631   8.2%
1990 33,685   17.7%
2000 40,340   19.8%
2010 41,737   3.5%
2020 45,652   9.4%
2024 (est.) 44,879 [25] −1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[26]

As of the 2020 census, there were 45,652 people and 20,300 households residing in the city. The population density was 3,215.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,241.5/km2). There were 21,476 housing units, of which 1,272 were vacant. In 2023 the racial makeup of the city was 83.1% White, 2.9% Asian, 1.6% African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 7.8% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 12.6% of the population. 10.3% of residents spoke a language other than English at home; 7.0% of the city's population spoke Spanish.[27]

There were 20,300 households, out of which 18.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 20.6% had a male householder with no spouse, and 27.5% had a female householder with no spouse. The average household size was 2.19.[27]

As of 2023 the distribution of the population by age was 18.5% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.2 years. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.[27]

The median income for a household in the city was $96,611, and the median income for a family was $130,080. Males had a median income of $52,674 versus $40,297 for females. The city's per capita income was $126,140. About 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.[27]

Economy

[edit]

As of 2023, 68.0% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. The occupational composition of the employed civilian labor force was: 54.2% in management, business, science, and arts; 17.3% in sales and office occupations; 12.6% in service occupations; 9.3% in production, transportation, and material moving; and 6.7% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, health care, and social assistance (20.3%); professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services (16.0%); and finance and insurance, and real estate and rental leasing (9.5%).[27]

The cost of living in Littleton is average; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the community is 102.7.[28] As of 2023, the median home value in the city was $596,700, the median selected monthly owner cost was $2,320 for housing units with a mortgage and $732 for those without, and the median gross rent was $1,731.[27]

Housing

[edit]

The city's housing stock is primarily made up of either detached single-family or apartment buildings.[29] In 2025, there was a proposal to permit so-called "missing middle" housing (duplexes, triplexes and fourplexes) in neighborhoods that were exclusively zoned for single-family homes, but six council members voted against it while Mayor Pro Tem Stephen Barr cast the lone vote in favor of the proposal.[29]

Government

[edit]
Main Street in Downtown Littleton
Main Street in Downtown Littleton
Coors Building
Coors Building

Littleton is a home-rule municipality with a council-manager form of government. The city council makes policy for the city and approves the annual city budget. The city manager implements the council's policies and oversees day-to-day administration of the city government and its departments.[30]

As the county seat, Littleton is the administrative center of Arapahoe County. The county government's main Administration Building is located in Littleton, and most county government departments base their operations in the city.[31]

Littleton lies mostly within Colorado's 6th U.S. Congressional District, but changes made to Colorado's congressional districts in 2012 put the extreme southwestern portion of the city into Colorado's 1st congressional district.[32] For the purposes of representation in the Colorado General Assembly, the city is located in the 26th and 30th districts of the Colorado Senate and the 3rd, 38th, and 43rd districts of the Colorado House of Representatives.[33]

Elected officials

[edit]

The council consists of seven members - one member for each of the four legislative districts, two at-large members, and the mayor.[34] Beginning in 2021, all council members are elected to 4-year terms. General elections for city council are held in odd-numbered years with either three or four council seats up for election. In 2021, Littleton voters elected the first popularly-elected mayor to a four-year term.

Current Littleton City Council makeup
Member District Term
Kyle Schlachter Mayor (At Large) 2021-2025
Joel Zink* At Large 2025*
Pam Grove At Large 2023-2027
Patrick Driscoll District 1 2021-2025
Robert Reichardt District 2 2023-2027
Stephen Barr District 3 2021-2025
Andrea Peters District 4 2023-2027

*Joel Zink was appointed to fill the vacancy created when Council Member Gretchen Rydin stepped down following her election to the Colorado State Legislature. The term expires in November 2025.

List of mayors of Littleton
Mayor Term
Franklin S. Gilmore 1890–1891
Dr. D.S. Weaver 1891–1892
H.H. Shepperd 1892–1893
J. Vanatta 1893–1894
G.M. Benedict 1894–1895
H.H. Shepperd 1895–1896
G.M. Benedict 1896–1897
C.H. Barclay 1897–1898
H.H. Shepperd 1898–1901
C.W. Sittser 1901–1902
Dr. J.A. Farnsworth 1902–1905
R.F. Gill 1905–1906
H.H. Shepperd 1906–1908
Dr. W.C. Crysler 1908–1910
J.E. Maloney 1910–1912
John B. Mayers 1912–1913
J.E. Maloney 1913–1919
S.A. Noyes 1919–1921
O.C. Hoffman 1921–1924
Dr. W.C. Crysler 1924–1926
C.E. Stephenson 1926–1929
Charles G. Louthan 1929–1932
Dr. C.C. Harrod 1932–1934
Charles G. Louthan 1934–1940
H.H. Taylor 1941–1946
Roy E. Babcock 1946–1948
George Malcolm 1948–1952
Norman Granes 1952–1956
Frank A. Randall 1956–1957
A.N. (Bert) Williams 1957–1959
Everett Dawson 1959–1960
Gordon F. Taylor 1960–1963
Thomas R. Heaton 1963–1965
John G. Kinghorn 1965–1969
A.R. Bessette 1969–1971
F. Vaughn Gardinier 1971–1975
Harold Meyer 1975–1977
Sally M. Parsons 1977–1979
James P. Collins 1979–1983
Charley Emley 1983–1989
Susan Thornton 1989–1993
Dennis Reynolds 1993–1997
Pat Cronenberger 1997–1999
Susan Thornton 1999–2003
John Ostermiller 2003–2005
Jim Taylor 2005–2007
Doug Clark 2007– 2011
Debbie Brinkman 2011– 2013
Phil Cernanec 2013– 2015
Bruce Beckman 2015– 2017
Debbie Brinkman 2017– 2019
Jerry Valdes 2019– 2021
Kyle Schlachter 2021– present

ZIP codes

[edit]

The place name "Littleton" was assigned to eleven ZIP codes which cover a vast area west, east, and south of the city much larger than the city itself. This area includes the following unincorporated communities:

In addition, an extreme southwest portion of Denver, the Marston neighborhood, is located in a ZIP code (80123) with "Littleton" as the preferred place name for use in mailing addresses, though "Denver" is also acceptable. The Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood, also located in this ZIP code, is neither in Littleton[35] nor Englewood, but in unincorporated Jefferson County.[36]

Education

[edit]

Primary and secondary education

[edit]

The majority of the portion in Arapahoe County is in Littleton Public Schools. Small portions are in the Sheridan School District 2 and Englewood School District 1.[37]

The small portion of Littleton in Jefferson County is within Jeffco Public Schools.[38] The small portion of Littleton in Douglas County is within Douglas County School District RE-1.[39]

Colleges and universities

[edit]

The Colorado Center for the Blind, a skills training program for blind teenagers and adults operated by the National Federation of the Blind, is located in Littleton.

Transportation

[edit]

Highways

[edit]

Four highways run through the city of Littleton:

Mass transit

[edit]

The Regional Transportation District provides bus and light rail service to Littleton. Light rail service to the city began on July 14, 2000, on the C and D Lines, however C Line operation ended on January 10, 2021. There are two light rail stations within the city, Littleton-Downtown station located within downtown Littleton and Littleton-Mineral station located near the Aspen Grove shopping center, which serves as the southern terminus of the D Line.

Culture

[edit]
Falcon 9 Rocket Booster opened for general public at Dish Network's Littleton, CO office is a type of reusable rocket that SpaceX used for repeated launches
Falcon 9 Rocket Booster opened for general public at Dish Network's Littleton, CO office is a type of reusable rocket that SpaceX used for repeated launches[40]

Arts and music

[edit]
Snow in Littleton, Colorado, during March 2021
  • Town Hall Arts Center
  • The Depot Art Gallery and Littleton Fine Arts Guild
  • Littleton Symphony Orchestra
  • Voices West (fka Littleton Chorale)
  • Littleton Museum
  • SpaceX Falcon 9 booster[41]

Events

[edit]

Western Welcome Week
Since the late 1920s, Littleton has celebrated Western Welcome Week - an annual community celebration in the greater Littleton area. Western Welcome Week started in the late 1920s, and has been held every year since. Western Welcome Week includes over 40 events benefiting dozens of local civic and charitable organizations.[42]

Candlelight Walk
The Candlelight Walk is a Littleton tradition, featuring an evening of holiday festivities, culminating in the illumination of the trees on Main Street.[43]

Twilight Criterium

[edit]

The Littleton Twilight Criterium occurs in the late summer in Historic Downtown Littleton on a 0.8-mile course. The event features famous athletes, concerts, and a cruiser ride for the general public.[44]

Healthcare

[edit]

The only hospital is AdventHealth Littleton.[45]

Points of interest

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]
Main article: List of sister cities in Colorado
  • Bega, New South Wales, Australia

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  3. ^ "Explore Census Data".
  4. ^ "Colorado Municipal Incorporations". State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. December 1, 2004. Archived from the original on August 23, 2003. Retrieved September 2, 2007.
  5. ^ "City Council Members". Littleton, Colorado. City of Littleton. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  6. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  7. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Littleton, Colorado
  8. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original (JavaScript/HTML) on January 1, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  9. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  10. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  11. ^ "Active Colorado Municipalities as of December 11, 2009 (271 municipalities)". Archived from the original on December 12, 2009. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  12. ^ "General History of Littleton | Littleton CO".
  13. ^ Eric W. Hickey (July 22, 2003). Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime. SAGE Publications. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7619-2437-1.Seymour Bernard Sarason (January 1, 2001). American Psychology & Schools: A Critique. Teachers College Press. pp. 59. ISBN 978-0-8077-4087-3.
  14. ^ a b Ralph W. Larkin (January 1, 2007). Comprehending Columbine. Temple University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-59213-492-2.
  15. ^ "Look Up a ZIP Code™". usps.com. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  16. ^ "School Web Sites". jeffcopublicschools.org. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  17. ^ "High Schools". littletonpublicschools.net. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  18. ^ a b c "Littleton, CO". Google Maps. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  19. ^ "Distance Calculator". Infoplease. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  20. ^ "Physiographic Provinces of Colorado [Map]". Colorado Geological Survey. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  21. ^ "General Map of Colorado". Colorado Life Zones. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  22. ^ a b "Colorado: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. August 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  23. ^ "OMB Bulletin No. 13-01" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. February 28, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2015 – via National Archives.
  24. ^ "Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  25. ^ "US Census Bureau City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2024". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  26. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  27. ^ a b c d e f "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
  28. ^ "Littleton, Colorado". City-Data.com. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  29. ^ a b "Littleton tables measure aimed at welcoming denser housing types in face of growing opposition". The Denver Post. January 8, 2025.
  30. ^ "City Manager | Littleton CO". www.littletongov.org. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  31. ^ "County Locations". Arapahoe County, Colorado. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  32. ^ "Find a Senator or Representative [Map]". Govtrack.us. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  33. ^ "Colorado State Legislature". Open States. Sunlight Foundation. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  34. ^ "City Council Members | Littleton CO". www.littletongov.org. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  35. ^ Jones, Rebecca. "Article: PRISON HAS A FIELD OF VISION.(Spotlight)." Rocky Mountain News. May 2, 1999. Retrieved on July 28, 2010.
  36. ^ "FCI Englewood Contact Information." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on July 28, 2010.
  37. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Arapahoe County, CO" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 1 (PDF p. 2/6). Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  38. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Jefferson County, CO" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 1 (PDF p. 2/3). Retrieved January 28, 2023. - Text list
  39. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Douglas County, CO" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 28, 2023. - Text list
  40. ^ "SpaceX rocket being installed in Littleton". KUSA.com. November 1, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  41. ^ "SpaceX rocket being installed in Littleton". KUSA.com. November 1, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  42. ^ http://www.westernwelcomeweek.org Western Welcome Week
  43. ^ "Candlelight Walk returns November 27". www.littletongov.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
  44. ^ "Twilight Criterium – Littleton Rocks!". littletonrocks.com. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  45. ^ Joss, Nina (April 12, 2024). "No hospital bed races, but stories and food mark AdventHealth Littleton's 35th anniversary". Littleton Independent. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
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